Sirah

Khadijah's Caravan to Sham

The trade journey north for Khadijah (RA), c. 595 CE

c. 595 CE

Imagined 360° reconstruction of Khadijah's Caravan to ShamEducational historical reconstruction

Where

The caravan road north from the Hijaz toward Sham

21.8000, 39.9000 · View on OpenStreetMap

Background

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (radiyallahu 'anha) was a noblewoman and wealthy merchant of Quraysh who used to engage men to carry her trade goods to the markets of the north for a share of the profit. Having heard of the honesty and good character of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), already known among the Makkans as al-Amin, the trustworthy, she engaged him, by the account of Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Sa'd, to take her merchandise to Sham (greater Syria) in the company of her servant Maysara, the journey conventionally placed around 595 CE, when the Prophet was about twenty-five. The venture prospered and returned a greater profit than was usual, and Maysara reported to his mistress the trustworthiness, the fair dealing and the noble conduct he had seen on the road. This report, the sources say, moved Khadijah (RA) to seek marriage with him, which followed soon after (a separate scene). The journey belongs to the long northern caravan trade of Makkah, the regular commercial traffic between the Hijaz and the Roman Levant, the same route by which the Makkans reached Busra and the Syrian markets. This scene depicts the trade journey itself: the laden caravan of camels with its bundled goods and waterskins on the open road north, the dry acacia country and bare hills of the route. In keeping with the Sirah tier no person is shown, neither the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) nor Maysara nor Khadijah (RA); the meaning is carried by the caravan and the road.

What you see

A laden trade caravan on the open road leading north out of the Hijaz toward Sham, dry acacia country and bare hills, the long commercial route by which Makkan merchants carried their goods to the markets of Syria.

Camels laden with bundled merchandise and waterskins, packed and roped for a long journey, the trading stock of a wealthy Makkan house bound for the north.

This is the caravan of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (radiyallahu 'anha), a respected merchant-woman of Quraysh, whose goods Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), known as al-Amin, took north to trade on her behalf with her servant Maysara, before their marriage.

His honesty in the trade and the profit of the venture, reported back by Maysara, moved Khadijah (RA) to seek marriage with him; this journey is the prelude. The scene shows the caravan and the road, not any face.

Acacia trees and a halting place with waterskins set down by the camels; the route between Makkah and the north, not a town.

The trade journey for Khadijah (RA) and the report of Maysara are recorded by Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Sa'd. In the Sirah tier no person is depicted.

Primary sources

Ibn Ishaq via Ibn Hisham, al-Sira al-Nabawiyya: The narrative of the trade journey for Khadijah (RA), the company of Maysara, and the report that led to the marriage.

Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (9th c.): The biographical record of Khadijah (RA), her trade, and the engaging of the Prophet to carry her goods.

Further reading & cross-references

Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, al-Rahiq al-Makhtum (20th c.): Modern Sunni synthesis for the chronology of the trade journey and the prelude to the marriage.

The northern caravan trade (geographic, regional): The Hijaz-to-Sham trade route is well attested; the specific stage shown is representative, so the location is regional.

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