Reference atlas
Places of the Ummah & Sīrah
A growing reference atlas of the places of Islamic history, each rendered as a researched 360° reconstruction with its date, location, and Sunni-sourced background.
Former Prophets
The Dwellings of 'Ad
The time of Hud (peace be upon him), after the destruction of 'Ad
Al-Ahqaf (the sand-dunes), Hadramaut on the edge of the Empty Quarter, Yemen
Former Prophets
The Descent of Adam
The time of Adam (peace be upon him)
Plain of Arafat, near Makkah
Former Prophets
The First Burial
Time of Adam (peace be upon him)
Primeval earth, the first death (by tradition the slope of Mount Qasiyun above Damascus)
Former Prophets
The Dwellings of Thamud at al-Hijr
The time of Salih (peace be upon him), the people of Thamud
Al-Hijr (Mada'in Salih), north-western Saudi Arabia
Former Prophets
The Blighted Garden
A Qur'anic parable (after the time of Isa)
A garden near San'a, Yemen (the garden of Darwan, by tradition)
Former Prophets
The Spring of Ayyub
Time of Ayyub (peace be upon him)
The valley of Ayyub near Salalah, Dhofar (the traditional site of Nabi Ayyub)
Former Prophets
The Queen of Saba' and the Dam of Marib
The time of Bilqis, queen of Saba', contemporary with Sulayman (peace be upon him)
Marib, ancient Saba' (Sheba), Yemen
Former Prophets
The Burial Cave at Hebron
Traditional burial site, time of Ibrahim onward (peace be upon him)
al-Khalil (Hebron), the Cave of Machpelah
Former Prophets
Dawud and the Valley of the Duel
The time of Dawud (peace be upon him), before his kingship
The Valley of Elah, Judaean lowlands (modern Israel/Palestine)
Former Prophets
The Golden Calf at Sinai
The time of Musa (peace be upon him), at the foot of Tur Sinai
The foot of Mount Sinai, the camp of the Bani Isra'il
Former Prophets
Ibrahim and Ismail Raise the Ka'ba
The time of Ibrahim and Ismail (peace be upon them)
Makkah, the shrine valley
Former Prophets
The Sacrifice at Mina
The time of Ibrahim and Ismail (peace be upon them)
Mina, in the Makkah valley
Former Prophets
Ibrahim and the Smashed Idols
The time of Ibrahim (peace be upon him)
Ur of the Chaldees (Iraq), traditional site of Ibrahim's (peace be upon him) early life
Former Prophets
Ilyas at Baalbek
Time of Ilyas (peace be upon him)
Baalbek (Ba'labakk), the Beqaa valley, in greater Syria
Former Prophets
The Birthplace under the Palm
The time of the birth of 'Isa (peace be upon him)
A remote place with a date palm and a stream; Bayt Lahm (Bethlehem) in the standing Sunni tradition
Former Prophets
The Table and the Disciples
The ministry of 'Isa (peace be upon him), Roman-period Galilee
Roman-era Galilee / the Jerusalem hill country, traditional ministry locations of 'Isa (peace be upon him)
Former Prophets
Sodom Overturned, The People of Lut
The time of Lut (peace be upon him)
The Dead Sea basin / southern Jordan rift
Former Prophets
The Basket on the Nile
The time of Musa (peace be upon him)
The Nile, in the eastern Delta of Egypt
Former Prophets
The Scuttled Boat
Time of Musa (peace be upon him)
A harbour at the junction of the two seas (majma' al-bahrayn), traditional and not fixed
Former Prophets
Musa at the Well of Madyan
The time of Musa (peace be upon him), at Madyan
Madyan, traditionally identified with the north-western Arabian coast (al-Bid', Tabuk region)
Former Prophets
The Court of Pharaoh
The time of Musa (peace be upon him), at Pharaoh's court
The royal capital of Egypt in the time of Musa (peace be upon him), Pi-Ramesses or Memphis
Former Prophets
The Sea Crossing
The time of Musa (peace be upon him), the Exodus
The eastern shore of the Sea of Reeds / the Gulf of Suez, conventional crossing site
Former Prophets
The Twelve Springs
Time of Musa (peace be upon him)
The wilderness of Sinai, the wandering of the Children of Israel
Former Prophets
The Ark of Nuh Comes to Rest on al-Judi
The time of Nuh (peace be upon him), after the Flood
Cudi Dağı (Jabal al-Judi), south-eastern Anatolia near the Tigris
Former Prophets
Sulayman's Temple and Throne
The reign of Sulayman (peace be upon him)
The Temple Mount, al-Quds (Jerusalem), First Temple period
Former Prophets
The Valley of Tuwa
The time of Musa (peace be upon him), at Tur Sinai
The valley of Tuwa, at the foot of Mount Sinai
Former Prophets
Cast Upon the Shore
Time of Yunus (peace be upon him)
A deserted shore (the casting-out of Yunus), not fixed, in the Mesopotamian world of Nineveh
Former Prophets
Yunus and Nineveh Repenting
The time of Yunus (peace be upon him), at Nineveh
Nineveh (opposite Mosul), northern Iraq
Former Prophets
The Granary Court of the Aziz
The time of Yusuf (peace be upon him)
Avaris (Hawaret/Tell el-Dab'a), eastern Nile Delta of Egypt
Former Prophets
Yusuf Drawn from the Well
The time of Yusuf (peace be upon him)
A desert well on the caravan road between Kan'an (Canaan) and Misr (Egypt)
Former Prophets
Zakariyya in the Sanctuary
The time of Zakariyya (peace be upon him), late Second Temple period
The sanctuary precinct, al-Quds (Jerusalem), Second Temple period
Former Prophets
The People of the Ditch
c. 523 CE
Najran, on the southern edge of Arabia toward Yemen
Former Prophets
The Year of the Elephant
c. 570 CE
Approach valley west of Makkah
Sirah
The Encampment of Halima
c. 571-575 CE
The pasture country of Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr, in the uplands between Makkah and Ta'if
Sirah
The Grave at al-Abwa
c. 577 CE
Al-Abwa, on the road between Makkah and Madinah, near Rabigh
Sirah
Zamzam and the Quarter of Banu Hashim
c. 578-595 CE
The quarter of Banu Hashim and the well of Zamzam, by the Ka'ba, Makkah
Sirah
The Monk at Busra
c. 583 CE
Busra (Bosra) in the Hawran, southern Syria
Sirah
The Pact of the Virtuous
c. 590 CE
The house of Abdullah ibn Jud'an, Makkah, near the sanctuary
Sirah
Khadijah's Caravan to Sham
c. 595 CE
The caravan road north from the Hijaz toward Sham
Sirah
The Marriage to Khadijah
c. 595 CE
The quarter of Banu Asad, Makkah (the house of Khadijah, RA)
Sirah
The Rebuilding of the Ka'ba
c. 605 CE
The Ka'ba, Makkah
Sirah
The First Revelation at the Cave of Hira
13 BH / c. 610 CE
Cave of Hira, Jabal al-Nur, near Makkah
Sirah
The House of al-Arqam
c. 610-613 CE
Dar al-Arqam, on the slope of Jabal al-Safa, Makkah
Sirah
The Plain of Trial
c. 613-615 CE (c. 9-7 BH)
The open ground outside Makkah where the persecuted were taken
Sirah
The Call from Mount Safa
c. 10 BH / c. 613 CE
Mount Safa, beside the Ka'ba in Makkah
Sirah
At the Court of the Negus
c. 7 BH / c. 615 CE
Court of the Negus, Aksum, Abyssinia
Sirah
The Islam of Hamza
c. 615 CE
The sanctuary precinct by the Ka'ba, Makkah
Sirah
Embarking for Abyssinia
c. 615 CE
The Red Sea coast at Shu'aybah, the old port of Makkah
Sirah
The Boycott at Shi'b Abi Talib
c. 6-3 BH (c. 616-619 CE)
Shi'b Abi Talib, northeast of the Ka'ba, Makkah
Sirah
The Islam of Umar
c. 616 CE
The house of Fatima bint al-Khattab (RA), Makkah
Sirah
The Splitting of the Moon
c. 617 CE
Makkah, the valley and the hills above it
Sirah
The Orchard Wall at Ta'if
c. 619-620 CE
Ta'if, the hill-town and its orchards south-east of Makkah
Sirah
The Year of Sorrow
c. 619 CE
The al-Hajun burial ground (later al-Ma'la) on the heights above Makkah
Sirah
The First Pledge of al-Aqaba
1 BH / c. 621 CE
Hill pass near Mina, east of Makkah
Sirah
The Sacred Precinct by Night
c. 621 CE
The Sacred Mosque precinct (al-Masjid al-Haram), Makkah
Sirah
The Rock on the Bare Platform
c. 621 CE
The Temple Mount platform (al-Masjid al-Aqsa precinct), Jerusalem
Sirah
The Arrival at Quba
12 Rabi' al-Awwal 1 AH / 23 September 622 CE
Quba, the southern approach of Yathrib (al-Madinah)
Sirah
The Cave on Jabal Thawr
1 BH (Rabi al-Awwal, year 0 AH) / 622 CE
Jabal Thawr, south of Makkah
Sirah
Construction of the First Mosque at Madinah
1 AH / 622 CE
Site of al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Madinah
Sirah
The Pairing of Emigrants and Helpers
1 AH / 622 CE
The settled quarters and date-gardens of Madinah (Yathrib)
Sirah
The Night of the Hijrah
late Safar 1 AH / c. 12 September 622 CE
The Prophet's house, Makkah
Sirah
The First Patrols
1 AH / c. 623 CE
The coastal road of the Hijaz between Makkah and Madinah, toward the Red Sea
Sirah
The Emptied Market of the Goldsmiths
2 AH / 624 CE
The quarter and market of Banu Qaynuqa, Madinah
Sirah
The Battle of Badr
17 Ramadan 2 AH / 13 March 624 CE
Wells of Badr, on the Madinah-Makkah caravan road
Sirah
The Turning of the Qibla
2 AH / 624 CE
The mosque later known as Masjid al-Qiblatayn, northern Madinah
Sirah
The First Eid Prayer-Ground
2 AH / 624 CE
The open prayer-ground (musalla) outside Madinah
Sirah
The Expedition of Nakhla
Rajab 2 AH / c. 624 CE
The valley of Nakhla, between Makkah and Ta'if
Sirah
The Date-Gardens Left Behind
4 AH / 625 CE
The date-garden estates and strongholds of Banu Nadir, south-east of Madinah
Sirah
The Well of Ma'una
4 AH / 625 CE
Bi'r Ma'una, a desert well on the edge of Najd between the lands of Banu 'Amir and Banu Sulaym
Sirah
The Fires of Hamra al-Asad
3 AH / 625 CE
Hamra al-Asad, on the road south-west of Madinah toward Makkah
Sirah
Uhud, The Archers Leave the Hill
3 AH / 625 CE
Jabal al-Rumat (Hill of the Archers), foot of Mount Uhud
Sirah
The Appointment at Badr
4 AH / 626 CE
The wells of Badr, on the caravan road south-west of Madinah
Sirah
The Expedition to the Wells of al-Muraysi'
c. 5-6 AH / c. 627 CE
The well of al-Muraysi', in the country of Banu Mustaliq toward the Red Sea coast, south-west of Madinah
Sirah
The Quarter of Banu Qurayza after the Trench
5 AH / 627 CE
The strongholds of Banu Qurayza, in the south-eastern oasis of Madinah
Sirah
The Pursuit at Dhu Qarad
6 AH / c. 627 CE
Dhu Qarad and the pasture of al-Ghaba, north of Madinah
Sirah
The Trench of Madinah
5 AH / 627 CE
Northern approach to Madinah, near Jabal Sala'
Sirah
Khandaq, The Night of the Wind
5 AH / 627 CE
Northern approach to Madinah, near Jabal Sala'
Sirah
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the Pledge of Ridwan
6 AH / 628 CE
Hudaybiyyah, on the Makkan edge of the Haram boundary, west of Makkah
Sirah
Khaybar, the Breaching of al-Qamus
7 AH / 628 CE
Khaybar oasis, north of Madinah
Sirah
The Letter to Heraclius
c. 6-7 AH / 628 CE
The court of Heraclius in the Holy Land (Aelia, Jerusalem)
Sirah
The Letter to Khosrow
c. 6-7 AH / 628 CE
The hall of Khosrow at Ctesiphon (al-Mada'in), on the Tigris
Sirah
The Letter to the Negus
c. 6-7 AH / 628 CE
Court of the Negus, Aksum, Abyssinia
Sirah
The Letters to the Kings
c. 6-7 AH / c. 628 CE
The courtyard of the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid an-Nabawi), Madinah
Sirah
The Battle of Mu'tah
8 AH / 629 CE
Mu'tah, in the Balqa near al-Karak, in present-day Jordan
Sirah
The Compensatory Pilgrimage ('Umrat al-Qada')
7 AH / 629 CE
The Ka'ba and its precinct, Makkah
Sirah
Conquest of Makkah, The Cleansing of the Ka'ba
8 AH / 630 CE
Inner precinct of the Ka'ba, Makkah
Sirah
The Battle of Hunayn
8 AH / 630 CE
Wadi Hunayn, on the road from Makkah toward Ta'if, east of Makkah
Sirah
The Razing of the Mosque of Dissent
9 AH / 630 CE
The edge of Madinah near Quba, in the southern oasis
Sirah
The Siege of Ta'if
8 AH / 630 CE
Ta'if, in the cooler highlands south-east of Makkah
Sirah
The Expedition to Tabuk
9 AH / 630 CE
Tabuk, on the wells of the north-western road toward Syria
Sirah
The Year of the Delegations at Madinah
9 AH / 630-631 CE, 'Year of the Delegations'
Courtyard of Masjid an-Nabawi, Madinah
Sirah
Mu'adh ibn Jabal Sent to Yemen
c. 10 AH / c. 631 CE
The highland road into Yemen, toward al-Janad and San'a
Sirah
The Christian Delegation of Najran
c. 9-10 AH / c. 631 CE
The courtyard of the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid an-Nabawi), Madinah
Sirah
The Eclipse and the Passing of Ibrahim
10 AH / 632 CE
The Prophet's Mosque and the cemetery of al-Baqi, Madinah
Sirah
The Farewell Hajj, Wuquf at Arafat
9 Dhul Hijjah 10 AH / 6 March 632 CE
Plain of Arafat, east of Makkah
Sirah
The Final Illness and the Passing
11 AH / 632 CE
The chamber adjoining the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid an-Nabawi), Madinah
Rashidun
The Saqifa of Banu Sa'idah
11 AH / 632 CE
Saqifat Bani Sa'idah, the Khazraj quarter of Madinah
Rashidun
The Surrender of al-Hira
12 AH / 633 CE
al-Hira, on the lower Euphrates near later Kufa, southern Iraq
Rashidun
The First Collection of the Qur'an
12 AH / 633 CE
Madinah, near the Prophet's mosque
Rashidun
The Garden of Death at Yamama
12 AH / 633 CE
'Aqraba in al-Yamama, the oasis of Banu Hanifa, central Najd
Rashidun
Yarmouk, The Dust Storm
15 AH / 636 CE
Yarmouk River gorge, Hauran plateau
Rashidun
The Fall of Ctesiphon
16-21 AH / 637-642 CE
Ctesiphon (al-Mada'in), on the Tigris south of later Baghdad, Iraq
Rashidun
The Surrender of Jerusalem to 'Umar
16 AH / 637 CE
Jerusalem (Aelia / Iliya), the Temple esplanade
Rashidun
Umar's Diwan and the Hijri Calendar
c. 17 AH / 638 CE
Madinah, the administrative heart of the caliphate
Rashidun
The Founding of Kufa
17 AH / 638 CE
Kufa, west bank of the Euphrates, central Mesopotamia
Rashidun
The Founding of Fustat
21 AH / 641 CE
Fustat, east bank of the Nile opposite the Babylon fortress, Egypt
Rashidun
Nahavand, The Victory of Victories
c. 21 AH / 642 CE
Nahavand, the Zagros highlands of Media (al-Jibal)
Rashidun
The First Muslim Fleet off Cyprus
28 AH / 649 CE
East coast of Cyprus, off Byzantine Constantia (near modern Famagusta)
Rashidun
The Standardization of the Mushaf
c. 30 AH / c. 650 CE
Madinah, residence of the third caliph
Rashidun
The Battle of the Masts
c. 34 AH / 655 CE
Off the Lycian coast of southern Anatolia (near Phoenix, Finike)
Rashidun
The Battle of the Camel
10 Jumada al-Akhira 36 AH / 7 December 656 CE
Plain of Khurayba outside Basra, southern Iraq
Rashidun
The Arbitration at Dumat al-Jandal
Ramadan 37 AH / February 658 CE
Dumat al-Jandal oasis, on the Syrian-Arabian border
Umayyad
Damascus Becomes the Umayyad Capital
41 AH / 661 CE
Damascus, the Roman temenos at the heart of the new capital
Umayyad
Karbala, The Blocked Euphrates
61 AH / 680 CE
Plain of Karbala, west of the Euphrates
Umayyad
Ibn al-Zubayr Rebuilds the Kaaba
64 AH / 683 CE
The sanctuary at Makkah, around the Kaaba
Umayyad
The Construction of the Dome of the Rock
72 AH / 691-692 CE
The Haram al-Sharif (al-Aqsa precinct), al-Quds (Jerusalem)
Umayyad
Abd al-Malik's Coinage and Chancery Reform
c. 77 AH / 696 CE
Damascus, the Umayyad mint and central chancery
Umayyad
The Building of the Great Mosque of Damascus
87 AH / 706 CE
Damascus, capital of the Umayyad caliphate
Umayyad
Tariq Crosses to al-Andalus
92 AH / 711 CE
The Strait of Gibraltar at Jabal Tariq, the crossing into Iberia
Umayyad
The Conquest of Sindh at Daybul
92 AH / 711 CE
Daybul, the port at the mouth of the Indus (identified with Banbhore, Sindh)
Umayyad
The Renewal under Umar II
Umar II (99-101 AH / 717-720 CE)
A caliphal country estate in Umayyad Syria, near Damascus
Umayyad
The Battle of Balat al-Shuhada'
Ramadan 114 AH / October 732 CE
Between Poitiers and Tours, central Gaul (modern France)
Umayyad
The Great Berber Revolt
Berber Revolt (122-124 AH / 740-742 CE)
A Berber village in the Atlas, the Maghrib
Umayyad
The Desert Palace of Khirbat al-Mafjar
c. 125 AH / 743 CE
Khirbat al-Mafjar, near Jericho, in the Jordan valley
Abbasid
The Black Banners of Khurasan
Abbasid Revolution (129-132 AH / 747-750 CE)
The oasis of Merv, Khurasan (modern Turkmenistan)
Abbasid
The Battle of the Great Zab
Jumada II 132 AH / Jan 750 CE
The Great Zab river, near its confluence with the Tigris, northern Iraq
Abbasid
The Battle of Talas
Dhul Hijja 133 AH / July 751 CE
Upper Talas river valley, on the western marches of Transoxiana (modern Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan border)
Umayyad
The Founding of the Emirate of Cordoba
138 AH / 756 CE
Cordoba, the Guadalquivir quay by the Roman bridge
Abbasid
The Academy of Jundishapur
c. 143 AH / 760 CE
Jundishapur (Gundeshapur), in Khuzistan
Abbasid
The Paper-Makers of Samarqand
c. 143 AH / 760 CE
Samarqand, in Transoxiana, on the rivers of the Zarafshan
Abbasid
The Founding of the Round City of Baghdad
145 AH / 762 CE
The west bank of the Tigris, the site of the Round City (Madinat al-Salam)
Umayyad
The Great Mosque of Cordoba Begun
170 AH / 785 CE
The Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Guadalquivir
Abbâsîid
The Stationers' Market of Baghdad
c. 215 AH / 830 CE
Suq al-Warraqin, Baghdad
Abbasid
The House of Wisdom
c. 215 AH / 830 CE
Baghdad, the round city of the Abbasids on the Tigris
Abbasid
The Mihna and the Stand of Imam Ahmad
The Mihna (218-234 AH / 833-848 CE)
Baghdad, the Abbasid capital
Aghlabid
The Great Mosque of Kairouan Renewed
Aghlabid renewal (221-248 AH / 836-862 CE)
Kairouan, Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia)
Abbasid
The Banu Musa and the Ingenious Devices
c. 236 AH / 850 CE
Baghdad, the Abbasid capital on the Tigris
Abbasid
The Malwiya at Samarra
241 AH / 855-856 CE
Samarra (Surra Man Ra'a), Abbasid capital on the Tigris
Abbasid
The Founding of al-Qarawiyyin
245 AH / 859 CE
Fes, capital of the Idrisid dynasty in al-Maghrib al-Aqsa
Aghlabid
The Aghlabid Basins of Kairouan
246 AH / c. 860 CE
Kairouan, in Ifriqiya (Tunisia)
Abbasid
The Zanj Rebellion in the Marshes
Zanj Rebellion (255-270 AH / 869-883 CE)
The marshes of southern Iraq, near Basra
Samanid
The Samanid Mausoleum at Bukhara
c. 300 AH / c. 914 CE
Bukhara, Transoxiana (modern Uzbekistan)
Abbasid
Ibn Fadlan among the Volga Bulgars
310 AH / 922 CE
The land of the Volga Bulgars, on the middle Volga
Abbasid
After the Qarmatian Raid on Makkah
Dhul Hijja 317 AH / 930 CE
The sanctuary at Makkah, around the Kaaba
Umayyad
Madinat al-Zahra
begun 324 AH / c. 936 CE
Madinat al-Zahra, west of Cordoba, in al-Andalus
Buyid
The Buyids Take Power in Baghdad
Jumada I 334 AH / 945 CE
Baghdad, a palace terrace on the Tigris
Fatimid
The Founding of al-Azhar
24 Jumada al-Ula 359 AH / April 970 CE (foundation); first jumu'a Ramadan 361 AH / June 972 CE
al-Qahira (Cairo), the new royal city north of Fustat
Ghaznavid
Mahmud of Ghazna's Indian Campaigns
Ghaznavid campaigns (388-421 AH / 998-1030 CE)
The upper Punjab, on the route of the Ghaznavid campaigns into India
Ghaznavid
Ghazni and the Road to India
417 AH / c. 1026 CE
Ghazni, the Ghaznavid capital, in the highlands of present-day Afghanistan
Seljuk
The Seljuks Enter Baghdad
Ramadan 447 AH / 1055 CE
Baghdad, a gate on the Tigris
Seljuk
The Nizamiyya College of Baghdad
459 AH / 1067 CE
Baghdad, the Nizamiyya madrasa
Seljuk
The Battle of Manzikert
Dhul Qa'da 463 AH / 1071 CE
Manzikert (Malazgirt), near Lake Van, eastern Anatolia
Reconquista
The Fall of Toledo
478 AH / 1085 CE
Toledo, on the Tagus, in central Iberia
Fatimid
Building Bab al-Futuh
480 AH / 1087 CE
Bab al-Futuh, in al-Qahira (Cairo), in Egypt
Seljuk
The Fortress of Alamut
483 AH / 1090 CE
Alamut, the Elburz mountains of northern Iran
Seljuk
The Loss of Antioch
491 AH / 1098 CE
Antioch (Antakiya), on the Orontes, in northern Syria
Seljuk
The Massacre at Ma'arra
492 AH / December 1098 CE
Ma'arrat al-Nu'man, in northern Syria
Fatimid
The First Crusade Siege of Jerusalem
22 Sha'ban 492 AH / 15 July 1099 CE
al-Quds (Jerusalem)
Fatimid
The Fall of Tripoli
502 AH / 1109 CE
Tripoli (Tarabulus), on the coast of the Levant
Artuqid
The Field of Blood
513 AH / 1119 CE
Near Sarmada, between Aleppo and Antioch, in Syria
Banu Munqidh
Shaizar of the Banu Munqidh
c. 530 AH / 1135 CE
Shaizar, on the Orontes, in Syria
Norman Sicily
The Arab-Norman Art of Palermo
524-590 AH / c. 1130-1194 CE
Palermo, in Sicily
Zengid
Zengi Recovers Edessa
Jumada II 539 AH / 1144 CE
Edessa (al-Ruha, modern Sanliurfa), upper Mesopotamia
Reconquista
The Translators of Toledo
c. 545 AH / 1150 CE
Toledo, on the Tagus, in central Iberia
Norman Sicily
Al-Idrisi's Map of the World
549 AH / 1154 CE
Palermo, in Sicily
Almohad
The Koutoubia of Marrakesh
c. 550s-590s AH / 1150s-1190s CE
Marrakesh, in the Maghrib, below the Atlas
Ayyubid
The Sunni Restoration in Cairo
Muharram 567 AH / 1171 CE
Cairo, the mosque of al-Azhar
Ayyubid
The Citadel of Cairo
c. 572-579 AH / 1176-1183 CE
Cairo, on the Muqattam spur, in Egypt
Ayyubid
The Siege of Kerak
579-580 AH / 1183 and 1184 CE
Kerak (al-Karak), east of the Dead Sea, in Transjordan
Almohad
The Kutubiyya Minaret of Marrakesh
Almohad (581-595 AH / 1185-1199 CE)
Marrakesh, the Almohad capital in Morocco
Ayyubid
Saladin's Army Enters Jerusalem
583 AH / 1187 CE
Bab al-Khalil (Jaffa Gate), Jerusalem
Ayyubid
The Great Siege of Acre
585-587 AH / 1189-1191 CE
Acre (Akka), on the coast of the Levant
Delhi Sultanate
The Qutb Complex of Early Delhi
587-602 AH / 1191-1206 CE
Mehrauli, Delhi, northern India
Ghurid
The Battle of Tarain
588 AH / 1192 CE
Tarain (Taraori), on the plain north of Delhi toward Thanesar
Ghurid
The Minaret of Jam
c. 590 AH / 1190s CE
Jam, in the mountains of Ghor, in central Afghanistan
Seljuk
The Gevher Nesibe Hospital
602 AH / c. 1206 CE
Kayseri, in central Anatolia
Artuqid
Al-Jazari's Ingenious Devices
602 AH / 1206 CE
Diyarbakir (Amid), the Artuqid court, on the upper Tigris
Almohad
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
Safar 609 AH / 1212 CE
Las Navas de Tolosa, the Sierra Morena, southern Iberia
Ayyubid
The Siege of Damietta
615 & 647 AH / 1218-1219 & 1249 CE
Damietta (Dumyat), at the mouth of the Nile, in Egypt
Seljuk
The Alaeddin Mosque of Konya
617 AH / c. 1220 CE
The Alaeddin Hill, Konya, in central Anatolia
Mongol
The Mongol Storm at Bukhara
617 AH / 1220 CE
Bukhara, in Transoxiana (modern Uzbekistan)
Mongol
After the Mongol Storm at Nishapur
618 AH / 1221 CE
Nishapur, Khurasan (modern northeastern Iran)
Mengujekid
The Great Mosque of Divrigi
626 AH / c. 1228-1229 CE
Divrigi, in the eastern Anatolian highlands
Ayyubid
The Cession of Jerusalem by Treaty
626 AH / 1229 CE
Jerusalem (al-Quds), in Palestine
Ayyubid
The Castle of Subayba
c. 625-628 AH / 1228-1230 CE
Qal'at al-Subayba, below Mount Hermon, above Banyas
Hafsid
The Zaytuna of Tunis
628 AH / c. 1230 CE
Tunis, in Ifriqiya
Abbasid
The Mustansiriyya Madrasa
631 AH / 1234 CE
The Mustansiriyya, on the Tigris, Baghdad
Reconquista
The Fall of Cordoba and Seville
633-646 AH / 1236-1248 CE
Cordoba, on the Guadalquivir, al-Andalus
Delhi Sultanate
The Court of Razia Sultan
c. 1236-1240 CE
The court of the Delhi Sultanate, Delhi, northern India
Ayyubid
Ibn al-Nafis and the Lesser Circulation
640 AH / c. 1242 CE
Damascus, in Syria
Seljuk
The Battle of Kose Dag
641 AH / 1243 CE
Kose Dag, east of Sivas, in Anatolia
Ayyubid
The Battle of al-Mansura
648 AH / 1250 CE
Al-Mansura, in the Nile Delta, in Egypt
Seljuk
A Seljuk Caravanserai
c. 648 AH / 1250 CE
A Seljuk han on the Anatolian plateau (representative)
Seljuk
The Karatay Madrasa
c. 650 AH / 1252 CE
Konya, in central Anatolia
Abbasid
Tigris Shore After the Sack of Baghdad
656 AH / 1258 CE
Tigris riverbank, Baghdad
Mamluk
The Shadow Caliphate at Cairo
659 AH / 1261 CE
The Citadel of Cairo
Mamluk
The Fall of Hisn al-Akrad
669 AH / 1271 CE
Hisn al-Akrad (Crac des Chevaliers), in Syria
Mamluk
The Fall of Crusader Acre
690 AH / 1291 CE
Acre (Akka), on the coast of the Levant
Ilkhanid
The Conversion of Ghazan Khan
694 AH / 1295 CE
Tabriz, the Ilkhanid capital in northwestern Iran
Ottoman
The Rise of the House of Osman
c. 699 AH / 1299 CE
Sogut, Bithynia, northwestern Anatolia
Seljuk
The Mevlevi Sema at Konya
c. 700 AH / c. 1300 CE
Konya, the Mevlevi lodge, central Anatolia
Delhi Sultanate
The Khilji Reach into the Deccan
707 AH / c. 1307 CE
Devagiri (later Daulatabad), in the Deccan, northern Maharashtra
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde Turns to Islam
713 AH / c. 1313 CE
Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde, on the lower Volga
Mali
Mansa Musa's Caravan Halts at Cairo
724 AH / 1324 CE
Outskirts of Cairo, on the Nile
Delhi Sultanate
The Migration to Daulatabad
727 AH / c. 1327 CE
The plain below Daulatabad (Devagiri), the Deccan
Nasrid
The Generalife Garden
731 AH / c. 1330 CE
The Generalife, above the Alhambra, Granada, al-Andalus
Mali
The Great Mosque of Djenne
730 AH / c. 1330 CE
Djenne, inland Niger delta
Kilwa Sultanate
The Stone Town of Kilwa
c. 731 AH / 1331 CE
Kilwa Kisiwani, an island of the East African coast
Golden Horde
Ibn Battuta in Constantinople
733 AH / c. 1332 CE
Constantinople (al-Qustantiniyya), on the Bosphorus
Mogadishu Sultanate
The Port of Mogadishu
c. 741 AH / 1340 CE
Mogadishu (Maqdishu), on the coast of the Horn of Africa
Indian Ocean Trade
The Pepper Port of Calicut
743 AH / c. 1342 CE
Calicut (Kozhikode), on the Malabar coast of India
Maldive Sultanate
The Sultanate of the Maldives
744 AH / c. 1343-1344 CE
The Maldive Islands, in the Indian Ocean
Ceylon
The Pilgrimage to Adam's Peak
745 AH / c. 1344 CE
Adam's Peak (Sarandib), in Ceylon
Yuan China
The Muslims of Zaytun
746 AH / c. 1345 CE
Zaytun (Quanzhou), on the coast of southern China
Samudra Pasai Sultanate
The Sultanate of Samudra Pasai
c. 746 AH / 1345-1346 CE
Samudra Pasai, on the north coast of Sumatra
Delhi Sultanate
The Coming of Islam to Sylhet
747 AH / c. 1346 CE
Sylhet, in the wetlands of eastern Bengal
Mali
The Court of Mali
753 AH / c. 1352-1353 CE
The capital of Mali, on the upper Niger (near Niani)
Trans-Saharan Trade
The Salt Mines of Taghaza
c. 753 AH / 1352 CE
Taghaza, in the Sahara, north of the Niger lands
Marinid
The Bou Inania Madrasa, Fez
c. 756 AH / 1355 CE
The Bou Inania Madrasa, Fez, Morocco
Mamluk
The Madrasa of Sultan Hasan
c. 762 AH / 1361 CE
Cairo, opposite the Citadel, al-Madrasa al-Sultaniyya al-Hasaniyya
Swahili Coast
The Stone Town of Lamu
c. 772 AH / 1370 CE
Lamu, an island town of the East African coast
Nasrid
The Alhambra of Nasrid Granada
c. 772 AH / c. 1370 CE
The Alhambra, Granada, al-Andalus
Timurid
The Aq-Saray of Shahrisabz
782-808 AH / c. 1380-1405 CE
Shahrisabz, south of Samarkand, in Transoxiana
Coming of Islam to the Philippines
The First Mosque of the Philippines
c. 782 AH / 1380 CE
Simunul island, in the Sulu archipelago
Ming China
The Great Mosque of Xi'an
786 AH / c. 1384 CE
Xi'an, in central China
Ottoman
The Field of Blackbirds
791 AH / 1389 CE
Kosovo Polje, the Field of Blackbirds, in the Balkans
Mamluk
Cairo Caravanserai During a Plague Wave
c. 791 AH / c. 1389 CE
Khan al-Khalili, Fatimid-era quarter of Cairo
Timurid
Timur's Sack of Delhi
801 AH / 1398 CE
Delhi, after the sack by Timur, northern India
Timurid
The Building of the Bibi-Khanym Mosque
801 AH / 1399 CE
Samarqand, capital of the Timurid empire in Transoxiana
Malacca Sultanate
The Rise of Malacca
803 AH / c. 1400 CE
Malacca (Melaka), on the strait, in the Malay peninsula
Ottoman
The Battle of Ankara
804 AH / 1402 CE
The plain of Cubuk, near Ankara, central Anatolia
Timurid
Ulugh Beg's Observatory
834 AH / c. 1430 CE
The observatory of Ulugh Beg, Samarqand, Transoxiana
Mamluk
An Embassy at the Citadel of Cairo
c. 854 AH / 1450 CE
Citadel of Cairo (Qal'at al-Jabal), Mamluk capital of Egypt
Bengal Sultanate
The Sixty Dome Mosque of Bagerhat
c. 846-863 AH / 1442-1459 CE
Bagerhat, in the south of the Bengal delta
Ottoman
Conquest of Constantinople
857 AH / 1453 CE
Mesoteichion section of the Theodosian land walls, Constantinople
Ottoman
Hagia Sophia, Mid-Conversion to a Mosque
857 AH / 1453 CE
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul)
Demak Sultanate
The Great Mosque of Demak
884 AH / c. 1479 CE
Demak, on the north coast of Java
Songhai
The Sankore Mosque and Scholars of Timbuktu
c. 905 AH / 1500 CE
Sankore Mosque, Timbuktu
Safavid
The Safavid Turn of Iran
c. 907 AH / 1501 CE
The shrine of Shaykh Safi al-Din at Ardabil, north-western Iran
Malacca Sultanate
The Portuguese Take Malacca
917 AH / 1511 CE
Malacca (Melaka), on the strait, in the Malay peninsula
Ottoman
The Chart of Piri Reis
919 AH / 1513 CE
Gallipoli (Gelibolu), on the Dardanelles
Ottoman
The Battle of Chaldiran
Rajab 920 AH / 1514 CE
The Chaldiran plain, eastern Anatolia
Mughal
The First Battle of Panipat
932 AH / 1526 CE
Battlefield of Panipat, north of Delhi
Ottoman
The First Siege of Vienna
936 AH / 1529 CE
Vienna, on the Danube in Central Europe
Ottoman
The Battle of Preveza
945 AH / 1538 CE
Off Preveza, at the mouth of the Gulf of Arta, western Greece
Adal Sultanate
Harar, City of the Adal Sultanate
957 AH / c. 1550 CE
Harar, in the highlands of the Horn of Africa (modern eastern Ethiopia)
Safavid
The Royal Book Atelier
c. 957 AH / 1550 CE
A royal kitabkhana at the Safavid court, Tabriz, Persia (representative)
Ottoman
The Suleymaniye Mosque Rising over Istanbul
957-964 AH / 1550-1557 CE
Suleymaniye Mosque, Third Hill, Istanbul
Kazan Khanate
The Fall of Kazan
959 AH / 1552 CE
Kazan, on the middle Volga (modern Tatarstan)
Deccan Sultanates
The Battle of Talikota
972 AH / 1565 CE
Battlefield of Talikota (Rakkasa-Tangadi), on the Krishna, in the Deccan
Banten Sultanate
The Great Mosque of Banten
974 AH / c. 1566 CE
Banten, on the north-west coast of Java
Ottoman
The Selimiye Mosque at Edirne
976-982 AH / 1568-1574 CE
Selimiye Mosque, Edirne
Ottoman
The Battle of Lepanto
979 AH / 1571 CE
Gulf of Patras, off Lepanto (Naupaktos), western Greece
Mughal
Akbar's House of Worship at Fatehpur Sikri
c. 983 AH / 1575 CE
Fatehpur Sikri, near Agra
Saadian
The Battle of the Three Kings
986 AH / 1578 CE
Wadi al-Makhazin, near Ksar el-Kebir, northern Morocco
Songhai
The Battle of Tondibi
999 AH / 1591 CE
Tondibi, on the Niger north of Gao, in the Songhai heartland (Mali)
Crimean Khanate
The Khan's Palace at Bakhchysarai
16th-17th c. CE
Bakhchysarai, the Khan's Palace, Crimea
Deccan Sultanates
The Fortress of Golconda
1009 AH / c. 1600 CE
Golconda fortress, near Hyderabad, the Deccan, Telangana
Ottoman
Ottoman Tile Workshop
c. 1600 CE
Istanbul, Turkey
Ottoman
Qur'an Illumination Detail Room
c. 1600 CE
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Safavid
Naqsh-e Jahan Square Rising in Isfahan
1011 AH / c. 1602 CE
Naqsh-e Jahan Square (Maydan-e Shah), Isfahan
Reconquista
The Expulsion of the Moriscos
1018-1023 AH / 1609-1614 CE
A Mediterranean port of eastern Spain
Aceh Sultanate
The Sultanate of Aceh
1029 AH / c. 1620 CE
Banda Aceh, northern Sumatra
Mughal
The Taj Mahal under Construction
1041-1063 AH / 1632-1653 CE
Taj Mahal, on the Yamuna at Agra
Sulu Sultanate
The Sultanates of the Sulu Sea
1060 AH / c. 1650 CE
The Sulu and Mindanao sultanates, the southern Philippine archipelago
Deccan Sultanates
The Gol Gumbaz of Bijapur
1066 AH / c. 1656 CE
Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (Vijayapura), the Deccan, northern Karnataka
Mughal
The Badshahi Mosque and the Fatawa-i Alamgiri
1084 AH / 1673 CE
Badshahi Mosque, Lahore
Ottoman
The Abandoned Camp before Vienna
1094 AH / 1683 CE
Ottoman siege lines outside Vienna, below the Kahlenberg
Ottoman
The Treaty of Karlowitz
1110 AH / 1699 CE
Karlowitz (Sremski Karlovci), on the Danube
Ottoman
The Hajj Caravan
c. 1112 AH / 1700 CE
The pilgrimage road (Darb al-Hajj) across the desert to the Hijaz
Ottoman
Ottoman Sahn Madrasa
c. 1700 CE
Istanbul, Turkey
Ottoman
Ottoman Imaret Kitchen
c. 1700 CE
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Safavid
Persianate Manuscript Workshop
c. 1700 CE
Muslim world
Ottoman
The First Ottoman Printing Press
1141 AH / 1729 CE
Istanbul, by the Bosphorus
Afsharid
Nader Shah's Sack of Delhi
1152 AH / 1739 CE
Delhi, after the sack by Nader Shah, northern India
Diriyyah
The Pact at Diriyyah
1157 AH / 1744 CE
Diriyyah, Wadi Hanifa, Najd
Nations & States
Bukhara Hadith Circle
c. 1750 CE
Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Ottoman
Damascus Caravanserai Waqf
c. 1750 CE
Damascus, Ottoman Syria
Nations & States
The Betrayal at Plassey
1170 AH / 1757 CE
Plassey (Palashi), on the Bhagirathi river, in Bengal
Durrani
The Third Battle of Panipat
1174 AH / 1761 CE
The plain of Panipat, north of Delhi, northern India
Ottoman
The Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca
1188 AH / 1774 CE
Kucuk Kaynarca, near the lower Danube (modern north-eastern Bulgaria)
Nations & States
Tipu Sultan's Srirangapatna
c. 1205 AH / 1790 CE
Srirangapatna, the island fortress of Mysore, southern India
Nations & States
The Auwal Mosque of the Cape
1208 AH / 1794 CE
Bo-Kaap, Cape Town, at the foot of Table Mountain
Ottoman
The Battle of the Pyramids
1213 AH / 1798 CE
Embabeh, the Giza plain near Cairo
Ottoman
The French Savants and al-Azhar
c. 1214 AH / 1799 CE
al-Azhar and the French Institut, Cairo
Nations & States
Central Asian Bookbinding
c. 1800 CE
Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Nations & States
Bukhara Madrasa Endowment
c. 1800 CE
Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara
Ottoman
Cairo Sabil Kuttab Charity
c. 1800 CE
Cairo, Ottoman Egypt
Nations & States
Qarawiyyin Courtyard Lesson
c. 1800 CE
Fez, Morocco
Nations & States
Maghrebi Qur'an Copying Room
c. 1800 CE
Fez, Morocco
Nations & States
Malay Timber Mosque Builders
c. 1800 CE
Malaysia
Ottoman
Ottoman Ashura Distribution
c. 1800 CE
Istanbul, Turkey
Ottoman
Ottoman Butcher Guild Qurban
c. 1800 CE
Istanbul, Turkey
Ottoman
Ottoman Calligraphy Studio
c. 1800 CE
Istanbul, Turkey
Ottoman
Ottoman Cemetery Janazah
c. 1800 CE
Istanbul, Turkey
Nations & States
Samarkand Bazaar Prayer Break
c. 1800 CE
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Nations & States
Swahili Qur'an School Veranda
c. 1800 CE
Swahili Coast
Nations & States
Timbuktu Manuscript Madrasa
c. 1800 CE
Timbuktu, Mali
Nations & States
Yemeni Coffee Terrace
c. 1800 CE
Yemen
Sokoto
The Founding of the Sokoto Caliphate
1219 AH / 1804 CE
Hausaland, the Gudu and Sokoto country (northern Nigeria)
Sokoto
The Sokoto Caliphate Consolidated
c. 1230 AH / 1815 CE
Sokoto, Hausaland (northern Nigeria)
Diriyyah
The Fall of Diriyyah
1233 AH / 1818 CE
at-Turaif, Diriyyah, Wadi Hanifa, Najd
Nations & States
Omar ibn Said in the Carolinas
1240s AH / c. 1820s CE
The Carolinas, in the American South
Nations & States
Muhammad Ali's Egypt: the Citadel Mosque
1246 AH / c. 1830 CE
The Citadel of Cairo
Nations & States
The Male Revolt of Bahia
1250 AH / 1835 CE
Salvador, in Bahia, on the coast of Brazil
Ottoman
The Edict of Gulhane
1255 AH / 1839 CE
Gulhane, by the Topkapi Palace, Istanbul
Nations & States
Abd al-Qadir's Smala on the High Plains
1256 AH / c. 1840 CE
The high plains of western Algeria
Nations & States
Bukhara Madrasa Courtyard
c. 1850 CE
Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Nations & States
Al-Azhar Study Circle
c. 1850 CE
Cairo, Egypt
Nations & States
Central Asian Minaret Tile Repair
c. 1850 CE
Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Nations & States
Fez Public Bread Oven
c. 1850 CE
Fez, Morocco
Nations & States
Imam Shamil's Mountain Imamate
1267 AH / c. 1850 CE
The highlands of Dagestan, North Caucasus
Nations & States
Yurt Ramadan Steppe Iftar
c. 1850 CE
Kazakh steppe
Nations & States
Khiva Craftsmen Mosque Street
c. 1850 CE
Khiva, Uzbekistan
Nations & States
Malay Jawi Manuscript Desk
c. 1850 CE
Malaysia
Nations & States
Mombasa Dhow Friday Market
c. 1850 CE
Mombasa, Kenya
Nations & States
Sahel Zawiya Charity Feeding
c. 1850 CE
Sahel, West Africa
Nations & States
Swahili Coral Stone Mosque Repair
c. 1850 CE
Swahili Coast
Nations & States
Coastal Waqf Water Well
c. 1850 CE
Swahili Coast
Nations & States
Timbuktu Manuscript Repair
c. 1850 CE
Timbuktu, Mali
Nations & States
The Fall of Delhi and the End of the Mughals
1274-1275 AH / 1857-1858 CE
The Red Fort (Lal Qila), Delhi, on the Yamuna
Nations & States
The Expulsion of the Circassians
1281 AH / 1864 CE
The Black Sea coast of the north-western Caucasus
Nations & States
The Founding of Dar al-Ulum Deoband
1283 AH / 1866 CE
Deoband, northern India
Nations & States
The Suez Canal Opens
1286 AH / 1869 CE
Port Said, mouth of the Suez Canal
Nations & States
Aligarh: the Modernist Response
1292 AH / 1875 CE
Aligarh, northern India
Nations & States
The Afghan Cameleers of the Outback
c. 1280s-1310s AH / 1860s-1890s CE
Marree, in the South Australian outback
Nations & States
The Bombardment of Alexandria
1299 AH / 1882 CE
The seafront of Alexandria, Egypt
Nations & States
The Shah Jahan Mosque of Woking
1306 AH / 1889 CE
Woking, in Surrey, in southern England
Nations & States
The Mahdist State at Omdurman
1307 AH / c. 1890 CE
Omdurman, at the Nile confluence, Sudan
Ottoman
Abdulhamid II and the Wired Palace
1313 AH / c. 1895 CE
Yildiz Palace, Istanbul
Nations & States
Bosnian Mosque Woodcarvers
c. 1900 CE
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nations & States
Bugis Coastal Mosque Life
c. 1900 CE
South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Nations & States
Central Asian Ashura Teaching Circle
c. 1900 CE
Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Nations & States
Mecca Historical Night Worship
c. 1900 CE
Hijaz
Nations & States
Uyghur Kashgar Tea House
c. 1900 CE
Kashgar, East Turkestan
Nations & States
Kazan Winter Mosque Life
c. 1900 CE
Kazan, Tatarstan
Nations & States
Lamu Maulid Courtyard
c. 1900 CE
Lamu, Kenya
Nations & States
Rural Maghrebi Ram Courtyard
c. 1900 CE
Maghrib
Nations & States
Minangkabau Surau Study
c. 1900 CE
West Sumatra, Indonesia
Nations & States
Moroccan Recitation Courtyard
c. 1900 CE
Morocco
Nations & States
Deoband Style Classroom
c. 1900 CE
North India
Nations & States
Eid Breakfast In Stone Town
c. 1900 CE
Zanzibar, Tanzania
Nations & States
Tatar Eid Home Visit
c. 1900 CE
Volga Tatar region
Nations & States
Tatar Samovar Tea Room
c. 1900 CE
Kazan, Tatarstan
Nations & States
Tatar Winter Cemetery Prayer
c. 1900 CE
Kazan, Tatarstan
Ottoman
Turkish Coffee After Prayer
c. 1900 CE
Turkey
Nations & States
West African Qur'an Boards
c. 1900 CE
Sahel, West Africa
Nations & States
The Iranian Constitutional Revolution
1324 AH / c. 1906 CE
Tehran, beneath the Alborz
Nations & States
The Founding of the Muslim League
1324 AH / 1906 CE
Dhaka, on the Buriganga (Bengal)
Ottoman
The Hejaz Railway
1326 AH / 1908 CE
A desert station on the Hejaz Railway, northern Arabia
Nations & States
The Young Turk Revolution
1326 AH / 1908 CE
Istanbul, by the Bosphorus
Nations & States
The Defence of the Dardanelles
1333 AH / 1915 CE
The Gallipoli peninsula and the Dardanelles
Nations & States
Lines on the Map: Sykes-Picot and Balfour
1334-1336 AH / 1916-1917 CE
The Levant (Bilad al-Sham), partitioned from afar
Nations & States
The Arab Revolt in the Hejaz
1335 AH / c. 1917 CE
The Hejaz desert, western Arabia
Nations & States
The Khilafat Movement
c. 1338 AH / 1920 CE
A maidan in northern India
Nations & States
The Occupation of Istanbul
1338 AH / c. 1920 CE
Istanbul and the Bosphorus, under occupation
Nations & States
Ankara, Capital of the Resistance
1339 AH / c. 1921 CE
Ankara, central Anatolia
Nations & States
The Abolition of the Caliphate
1342 AH / 1924 CE
Dolmabahce Palace, Istanbul
Nations & States
The Great Syrian Revolt
1344 AH / 1925 CE
The old city of Damascus
Nations & States
Umar al-Mukhtar and the Senussi Resistance
1344 AH / c. 1925 CE
The Jabal Akhdar, Cyrenaica (eastern Libya)
Nations & States
The Beginnings of the Tablighi Jamaat
1345 AH / c. 1926 CE
The Mewat region, south of Delhi
Nations & States
The Founding of the Muslim Brotherhood
1346 AH / 1928 CE
Ismailia, on the Suez Canal
Nations & States
The Hajj under the New Custodianship
c. 1349 AH / 1930 CE
The Masjid al-Haram, Makkah
Nations & States
The Founding of Saudi Arabia
1351 AH / 1932 CE
Riyadh, Najd
Nations & States
The Mother Mosque of America
1353 AH / 1934 CE
Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in the American Midwest
Nations & States
Reza Shah's Secular Reforms
c. 1355 AH / 1936 CE
Tehran, beneath the Alborz
Nations & States
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
1364 AH / 1945 CE
Jakarta, Java
Nations & States
Partition and the Birth of Pakistan
1366 AH / 1947 CE
The Punjab, on the new India-Pakistan border
Nations & States
The Nakba
1367 AH / 1948 CE
A depopulated village in Palestine
Nations & States
The Nationalisation of Iranian Oil
1370-1372 AH / 1951-1953 CE
The Abadan refinery, southwest Iran
Nations & States
Nasser, Suez and Arab Nationalism
1375 AH / 1956 CE
A public square in Cairo
Nations & States
The Battle of Algiers
1377 AH / c. 1957 CE
The Casbah of Algiers
Nations & States
The Gulf Before Oil
1380 AH / c. 1960 CE
A pearling dhow town on the Gulf coast (the Trucial Coast), representative
Nations & States
The Shia Seminary World of Qom
c. 1383 AH / 1963 CE
Qom, Iran
Nations & States
Malcolm X and Islam in America
1384 AH / 1964 CE
Harlem, New York City
Nations & States
The Nation of Islam in America
1385 AH / c. 1965 CE
An American city (the Nation of Islam in the urban north), representative
Nations & States
Sayyid Qutb in Prison
1386 AH / 1966 CE
A prison in Cairo
Nations & States
Jerusalem and the Six-Day War
1387 AH / 1967 CE
The Haram al-Sharif, Jerusalem
Nations & States
The Burning of al-Aqsa
1389 AH / 1969 CE
Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem
Nations & States
The Birth of Bangladesh
1391 AH / 1971 CE
A railway halt in the Bengal delta, East Pakistan (Bangladesh)
Nations & States
The Crossing of the Suez Canal
1393 AH / 1973 CE
The Suez Canal, Egypt
Nations & States
The Turn to Sunni Islam in America
1396 AH / c. 1976 CE
Chicago, United States
Contemporary
The Old Bridge of Mostar Rebuilt
1425 AH / 2004 CE
Mostar, the Stari Most over the Neretva, Bosnia
Contemporary
The Great Mosque of Algiers
1440 AH / c. 2019 CE
Djamaa el Djazair, the bay of Algiers, Algeria
Contemporary
The 2023 Earthquake at Antakya
Rajab 1444 / Feb 2023
Antakya (Antioch), Hatay, Türkiye